The very precise derivation of the formation of marble and its concept can be found on wikipedia, but let’s see the ones that might be relevant to us.

Marble is nothing more than a special limestone. Well, that’s not entirely true. But marble is crystallised from limestone over a long period of time, under special conditions, deep in the earth, under high pressure, at very high temperatures, and then brought to the surface by the movement of rock plates. Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of calcite and dolomite, with a carbonate mineral content of more than 50%. Pure marble contains more than 95% carbonate minerals (calcite). Silicate marble has a carbonate mineral content of 50-95%. Its structure is crystalline and more compact than limestone. Its colour varies according to the different impurities. The most common discolouration is caused by iron oxide and manganese oxide. It can be found in red, grey, white, carrara and many other rich colours, and when polished it has a beautifully lustrous surface. On freshly quarried marble slabs, the grains are highly lustrous, hence the stone’s name from the Greek word marmarein ‘to shine’. However, there are divided views among researchers, with some attributing it to the name marmaros ‘marked stone’.